Conditional statement
transfers the control from one part to another by testing the condition. In the
program may contain many blocks but any one of that has to be select. Such
problems can be solved by the help of logical expression. These statements required
relational and logical operators to test and select the best alternative among
many alternatives.
The conditional branching statements are:
IF…….THEN
IF …..THEN……ELSE
IF ELSEIF…..ELSE (Block
IF)
SELECT CASE.
IF…THEN Statement
IF…THEN is a conditional branching statement
which is used for comparison as well as decision making. This statement results
either true or false based on the evaluation of an expression. IF…THEN
statement can be solved by two ways. They are:
a) Single Line
IF….THEN statement
This statement makes all of the given blocks of
statement in a single line. This statement terminates itself when the entire
line will finished so that it does not required END IF statement like block
IF…THEN.
Syntax: IF condition THEN statement_for_true
Example:
To input marks and
display the result (Assume pass marks is 35)
CLS
INPUT “Enter marks”;m
IF m>=35 THEN PRINT
“PASS”
IF m<35 THEN PRINT
“Fail”
END
b) IF…ENDIF statement
The IF…ENDIF is a conditional statement that is
used to check the conditions specified and executes the statement written
between ENDIF if the condition is satisfied. In this type of statements, more
than one statements can be written in between IF and ENDIF.
|
Syntax: IF
(condition) THEN Statement ………………… END
IF |
Example: To input marks and display the result (Assume pass marks
is 35) CLS INPUT “Enter marks”;n IF n>=35 THEN PRINT “PASS” ELSE PRINT “Fail” END IF END |
c) IF…THEN…ELSE
Statement
It is a two way
branching statement. It first checks the Boolean expression and takes the
decision based on the result obtained. It executes the statements for true if
he specified condition meets the requirements, otherwise, simply executes the
statements written after ELSE.
Syntax: (Single line
IF….ELSE)
IF <condition>
THEN <statement> ELSE <statement>
Example:1
To input marks and
display the result (Assume pass marks is 35)
CLS
INPUT "Enter
makrs”;m
IF m>=35 THEN PRINT
“Pass” ELSE PRINT “Fail”
END
d) IF …..ELSEIF……ELSE
It is a multi way branching statement. This statement is used when
a gives more than one output. It executes the statements blocks if the
particular condition is met, otherwise it simply executes the statement for
false written after ELSE statement.
|
Syntax: IF
(condition) THEN [statement
block 1] ELSEIF
(condition) THEN [statement
block 2] … ELSE [statement
block n] END
IF |
Example: Program to check the division CLS INPUT “Enter marks : “ ; m IF M > = 60 THEN PRINT “First division” ELSEIF m > = 50 AND m < 60
THEN PRINT “Second division” ELSEIF m > = 40 AND m< 50
THEN PRINT “Third division” ELSE PRINT “Fail” END IF |
SELECT CASE
Statement
The IF...THEN statement
is the simplest form of conditional statement. It provides a split in program
flow based on whether the provided condition is true or false. Unfortunately,
IF...THEN statements do not work efficiently when there must be multiple
decisions made for multiple values of a variable. The SELECT CASE statement
compares one expression to different values. The advantage of the SELECT CASE
statement over multiple IF…THEN…ELSE a statement is that it makes the code
easier to read and maintain.
The SELECT CASE statement tests a single
expression, which is evaluated once at the top of the structure. The result of
the test is then compared with several values and if it matches one of them,
the corresponding block of statements is executed.
|
Syntax: SELECT
CASE test expression CASE
expression 1 [statement
block 1] CASE
expression 2 [statement
block 2] CASE
expression 3 [statement
block 3] ……………………. CASE
ELSE [statement
block] END
SELECT |
Example: To input day code and display the
day name. DECLARE SUB day() CLS CALL day END SUB INPUT "Enter day code=";
c SELECT CASE c CASE 1 PRINT "Today is Sunday" CASE 2 PRINT "Today is Monday" CASE 3 PRINT "Today is Tuesday" CASE 4 PRINT "Today is Wednesday" CASE 5 PRINT "Today is Thursday" CASE 6 PRINT "Today is Friday" CASE 7 PRINT "Today is Saturday" CASE ELSE PRINT "Invalid day code" END SELECT END SUB |
Solved examples using different conditional statements
1. WAP to check whether the input number is positive or negative.
Specification Grid 2065,
SLC Supplementary 2066
|
Using
IF…..THEN DECLARE SUB positive() CLS CALL positive END SUB positive INPUT "Enter any number=";n r=SGN(n) IF r= 0 THEN PRINT "The number is Positive" IF r=-1 THEN PRINT "The number is Negative" END SUB |
Using
IF…….ELSEIF…….ELSE DECLARE SUB positive() CLS CALL positive END SUB positive INPUT "Enter any number=";n r=SGN(n) IF r= 0 THEN PRINT "The number is Positive" ELSE PRINT "The number is Negative" ENDIF END SUB |
Note: IF… THEN….ELSE is used
only when there are two alternatives.
|
2.
WAP to test whether given number is completely divisible by 13 or not. DECLARE
SUB test () CLS CALL
test END SUB
test INPUT
"enter any number="; n r
= n MOD 13 IF
r = 0 THEN PRINT
"completely divisible by 13" ELSE PRINT
"not completely divisible by 13" END
IF END
SUB |
3.
WAP to test whether entered no is odd or even. DECLARE
SUB eo(a) CLS INPUT
"Enter any no:-";a CALL
eo(a) END SUB
eo(a) r=a
MOD 2 IF
r= 0 THEN PRINT
"EVEN" ELSE PRINT
"ODD" ENDIF END
SUB |
|
4.
WAP to input any number and display whether that number is
prefect square or not. DECLARE SUB square() CLS CALL squar END SUB square(n) INPUT "Enter any number=";n r=SQR(n) IF r=INT(r) THEN PRINT n; "is prefect square" ELSE PRINT n; "is not prefect square" ENDIF END SUB |
5.
WAP to input cost price and selling price and determine whether there is
profit or loss. DECLARE SUB pal () CLS CALL pal END SUB pal INPUT "Enter cost price"; cp INPUT "Enter selling price"; sp IF sp > cp THEN PRINT "Profit" ELSE PRINT "Loss" END IF END SUB |
6. WAP to input three different numbers in the main module then
find the greatest number.
|
Using
IF….. THEN CLS INPUT "Enter any three numbers"; a, b, c IF a > b AND a > c THEN g = a IF b > a AND b > c THEN g = b IF c > a AND c > b THEN g = c PRINT "greatest no="; g END |
Using
IF.......ELSEIF……ELSE DECLARE SUB great (a,b,c) CLS INPUT "Enter any three no"; a, b, c CALL great (a,b,c) END SUB great(a,b,c) IF a > b AND a > c THEN g = a ELSEIF b > c THEN g = b ELSE g = c END IF PRINT "Greatest no"; g END SUB |
You can also Read:
Display addition, subtraction, multiplication, and average of input two numbers
|
7. WAP to check whether input year
is leap year or not. DECLARE SUB leap () CLS CALL leap END SUB leap INPUT "Enter year"; year IF (year MOD 4 = 0) AND (year MOD
100 <> 0) THEN PRINT "Leap year" ELSE PRINT "not leap year" END IF END SUB |
8. WAP to display the middle
number among input three numbers DECLARE SUB middle () CLS CALL middle END SUB middle INPUT "enter three
numbers"; x, y, z IF (x > y AND x < z) OR (x < y AND x >z ) THEN PRINT x; "is middle no" ELSEIF (y > x AND y < z) OR
(y < x AND y > z) THEN PRINT y; "is middle
number" ELSE PRINT z; "middle number" END IF END SUB |
|
9. WAP to check for voting
eligibility. (18 is the minimum age for voting eligibility) DECLARE SUB vote () CLS CALL vote END SUB vote INPUT "Enter your age";
a IF a >= 18 THEN PRINT "Eligible for
voting" ELSE PRINT "Not Eligible for
voting" END IF END SUB |
10. WAP to check whether input
number is positive, negative or neutral. DECLARE SUB num() CLS CALL num END SUB num() INPUT “Enter any number”;n IF n>0 THEN PRINT “Positive
number” IF n<0 THEN PRINT “Negative
number” IF n=0 THEN PRINT “Neutral number” END SUB |
You may also Read:
Conditional statements using SUB....END SUB
11. WAP input
percentage from the keyboard and display the remarks on the basis of the
following conditions.
|
Percentage |
Remarks |
|
Per >= 90 Per <90 and >=80 Per<80 and >=60 Per <60 and >=50 Per <50 |
Excellent Very
good Good Work
hard Poor |
|
Using
SELECT CASE DECLARE
SUB remarks(p) CLS INPUT
"Enter Percentage:";p CALL
remarks(p) END SUB
remarks(p) SELECT
CASE p CASE
IS >=90 re$="Excellent" CASE
IS >=80 re$="Very
Good" CASE
IS >=60 re$="work
hard" CASE
is <50 re$="Poor" END
SELECT PRINT
"Remarks=";re$ END SUB |
Using
If….elseif DECLARE SUB remarks(p) CLS INPUT "Enter
Percentage:";p CALL remarks(p) END SUB remarks(p) IF p>=90 THEN r$="Excellent" ELSEIF p>=80 THEN r$="Very good" ELSEIF p>=60 THEN r$="Good" ELSEIF p>=50 THEN r$="Work hard" ELSE r$="Poor" ENDIF PRINT "Remarks:-";r$ END SUB |
12. To find the
commission earned by the salesman from the following data:
|
Value
of sales |
Commission |
|
Up to Rs 10000 |
8% |
|
Rs. 10001 to 20000 |
10% |
|
Above Rs 20000 |
12% |
CLS
INPUT "Enter sales
amount="; s
IF s <= 10000 THEN c
= 8
IF s > 10000 AND s
<= 20000 THEN c = 10
IF s > 20000 THEN c =
12
ca = (s * c) / 100
PRINT "Commission
amount="; ca
END
13. WAP to input number
of passengers and destination place. Calculate the total fare using
the following conditions:
|
Destination |
Rate |
|
Attariya Chaumala Sukkad Lamki Tikapur |
50 100 150 200 250 |
DECLARE SUB fare(d$,p)
CLS
INPUT "Enter Destination place:-";d$
INPUT "Enter Number of passengers:-";p
CALL fare(d$,p)
END
SUB fare(d$,p)
SELECT CASE d$
CASE "Attariya"
t=p*50
CASE "Chaumala"
t=p*100
CASE "Sukkad"
t=p*150
CASE "Lamki"
t=p*200
CASE "Tikapur"
t=p*259
END SELECT
CLS
PRINT TAB(35); "Faster Traveler, Dhangadhi"
PRINT: PRINT
PRINT TAB(30); "Destination Place:-";d$
PRINT: PRINT
PRINT TAB(30); "Total number of passengers:-";p
PRINT: PRINT
PRINT TAB(30); "Total fare :-";t
END SUB
14. WAP to input mark and display the grade according to the condition
|
Marks |
Grade |
|
90
to 100 |
A+ |
|
80
to 89.9 |
A |
|
70
to 79.9 |
B+ |
|
60
to 69.9 |
B |
|
50
to 59.9 |
C+ |
|
40
to 49.9 |
C |
|
35
to 39.9 |
D |
|
Below
35 |
NG
(Non Grade) |
DECLARE SUB grade ()
CLS
CALL grade
END
SUB grade
INPUT "Enter
marks"; m
SELECT CASE m
CASE 90 TO 100
PRINT "Grade:
A+"
CASE 80 TO 89.9
PRINT "Grade:
A"
CASE 70 TO 79.9
PRINT "Grade:
B+"
CASE 60 TO 69.9
PRINT "Grade:
B"
CASE 50 TO 59.9
PRINT "Grade:
C+"
CASE 40 TO 49.9
PRINT "Grade:
C"
CASE 35 TO 39.9
PRINT " Grade:
D"
CASE ELSE
PRINT "Non Grade
(NG)"
END SELECT
END SUB
Multiple sub programs using menu base.
15. WAP to input any two
numbers and display their addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and
reminder with the help of many structure.
DECLARE SUB add (a, b)
DECLARE SUB dif (a, b)
DECLARE SUB mul (a, b)
DECLARE SUB div (a, b)
DECLARE SUB remi (a, b)
CLS
INPUT "enter any
two numbers="; a, b
PRINT "******Main
menu***********"
PRINT
"---------------------------"
PRINT "1
.Addition (+)"
PRINT "2.
Subtraction (-)"
PRINT "3.
Multiplication (X)"
PRINT "4.
Division (/)"
PRINT "5.
Reminder"
INPUT "Enter your
choice (1-5)"; ch
SELECT CASE ch
CASE 1
CALL add(a, b)
CASE 2
CALL dif(a, b)
CASE 3
CALL mul(a, b)
CASE 4
CALL div(a, b)
CASE 5
CALL remi(a, b)
CASE ELSE
PRINT "Wrong
choice"
END SELECT
END
SUB add (a, b)
s = a + b
PRINT "Addition of
two number"; s
END SUB
SUB dif (a, b)
su = a - b
PRINT "Differene of
two number="; su
END SUB
SUB div (a, b)
d = a / b
PRINT
"Division="; d
END SUB
SUB mul (a, b)
m = a * b
PRINT
"Multiplication of two numbers="; m
END SUB
SUB remi (a, b)
r = a MOD b
PRINT "Reminder
="; r
END SUB
Note: In above example, five different sub
programs “add”, “dif”, “mul”, “div” and “remi” defined. The user can call any
sub program with the help of menu structure by selecting (1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or
5) according to his/her choice.
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Awesome notes sir😊
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