Fundamental Questions of DBMS
A. Very
short Answer Questions
1) Define Data (SEE 2073)
Ans: Data is the collection of facts.
2) What is
information (SLC
2070)
Ans: Information is organized or classified data, which has some
meaningful values for the receiver.
3) What do you mean by
Database? (SEE 2073. 2074)
Ans: Database is the collection of information in organized form.
4) Define Database
Management System.
Ans: DBMS is a software package designed to define, manipulate,
retrieve and manage data in a database.
5) What is cell?
Ans: A cell is a intersection of row and columns.
6) Define field?
Ans: Field is an element in which one piece of information is stored
7) What is a
tuple?
Ans: A single entry in a table is called a Tuple
8) What do you
mean by record?
Ans: A record is a collection of multiple related fields.
9) What is table?
Ans: A table is a collection of rows having one or more columns.
10) What is purpose of
table?
Ans: Table is used to store the data and information.
11) Which data type is used to store alpha numeric
characters or special symbols in MS- Access?
Ans: Text data type is used to store alpha numeric characters or
special symbols in MS-Access.
12. Name the view is used to modify a table in MS-Access?
Ans: Design view is used to modify a table in MS-Access.
13) What is relationship
in database?
Ans: A relationship is a link between two or more tables.
14) What is Primary key? (SEE 2073)
Ans: A primary key
is the field that uniquely identifies each record in a table.
15) Which objects of Ms-Access is used to enter
the data?
Ans: Form and Table are
used to enter the data.
16) In which object of Ms-Access we can display
the data by giving criteria and condition.
Ans: Query is the object
of Ms-Access where we can display the data by giving criteria and condition.
17) Which object of Ms-Access is used to display
the data in printed format?
Ans: Report is the
object of Ms-Access which is used to display the data in printed format.
18) Which data type of
Ms-Access is used to store graphics, picture and sound.
Ans: OLE is the object
of Ms-Access which is used to store graphics, picture and sound.
19) Which field property
of Ms-Access is used to limits the value to be entered in the field.
Ans: Validation rule is
used to limits the value to be entered in the field.
20) What is the program
that enables you to create, access and manage a database called?
Ans: Database Management
System is the program used to create, access and manage a database.
B. Short Answer Questions
1) Write the difference between data and
information.
Ans: Following are the
difference between data and information.
|
Data |
Information |
|
Data
is the collection of facts. |
Information
is processed data |
|
It
doesn't depend on Information. |
It
depends upon data. |
|
It can't
be used for decision making |
It
is widely used for decision making. |
2) What do you
mean by Database? (SEE 2073. 2074) Give Examples. (SLC 2068, supp. 2070, SEE 2072, SEE 2073 supp)
Ans: A database is the
collection of data that is organized so that its contents can easily be
accessed, managed and updated.
Examples: Result sheet, Dictionary, Inventory etc..
3) Write the importance
of Database.
The importance of
database are as follows:
i) Data can be stored in
a small area.
ii) Computerized
database save time while searching specific data.
iii) Database can store
the data for the long time.
iv) Computerized
database save data from being lost.
4) Write advantages of
computerized database. (SLC
2071)
Ans: Following are the advantages of computerized
database:
i) Efficient data
access
ii) It provides data
integrity and security
iii) Easy in data
administration or data management
iv) Provides concurrent
access
5) What is
Database Management System (DBMS)? (Specification grid – 2065)
Ans: Database management
system is a collection of software that manages data stored in database. It is
a collection of software which is used to store data, records, process them and
obtained desired information.
6) List some popular
database management system software.
Ans: Some popular DBMS software are as here under:
Dbase, FoxPro,
Ms-Access, Oracle, Sybase, SQL , My SQL etc..
7) Write the
features of DBMS.
Ans: The features of DBMS are as follows:
i) Easy to add new data
ii) Easy to modify the
data
iii) Delete existing
data
iv) It reduces the data
redundancy.
v) It provides data
security and privacy.
vi) Sorting and indexing
data.
vii) Easy to search the
data
viii) Print the
formatted report
ix) It can use SQL.
8) Write
advantages (SEE 2075) and disadvantages of DBMS.
Advantages:
i) It reduces data
redundancy.
ii) It allows sharing
data among different users and programs.
iii) Easy for editing,
adding and removing of data.
iv) Mass storage of data
can be stored in small disc.
v) It provides better
interacting environment to the user.
Disadvantages:
i) Costly and time
consuming procedures.
ii) Additional hardware
and software may be required.
iii) Qualified personal
required to operate.
iv) Data security
problem may be occurred.
9) Write the different
elements of Database.
Ans: Different elements of database are as follows:
Field:
It is the smallest unit of database. It is a place where many type
of information are stored. It corresponds to a column in the physical database.
Example: Name, age, phone etc. It is a basic unit of information.
Record:
A record is a collection of multiple related fields, which may
give complete information about a person or thing. It corresponds to a row in a physical
database.
Table:
A table is a collection of records or group of records.
Tuple:
A record row in database is called tuple.
Index:
The index is used to keep the data in organized form and helps faster
retrieval data.
Cell:
A cell is a intersection of row and columns.
Character:
A character is a basic unit of data that can be letter or digit or
specific symbol.
File:
A file is a group of same type of entities or records.
10) What is Relational
Database Management System (RDBMS)?
Ans: RDBMS is the most widely
used type of DBMS. In addition to storage and timely retrieval of data it also
preserves the relationship between different set of data.
11) What is
relationship?
Ans: A relationship is a link between two or more
tables, so that we can work with them much as we do a single table.
12) Why is relationship
needed?
Ans: When we create forms, query and reports we can
pull information from more than one tables. This work can be done by creating
suitable relationship among tables.
13) List the
different types of relationship in DBMS.
Ans: Foloowing are the different types of relationship in DBMS.
i) One to
one eg.
Driver and car
ii) One to many eg.
Teacher and students
iii) Many to many eg. Books and readers
iv) Many to one eg.
Students and school
14) What is Primary key? (SEE 2073)
Ans: A primary key is the
field that uniquely identifies each record in a table. Each record in the table
must be unique.
15) Write the
importance of primary key. (SEE 2073, SEE 2075)
Ans: A primary key is used to avoid data redundancy
or non repletion of data. Primary key is declared for unique field eg. Rollno, acno,
symbolno etc..
16) What is Compound key (Composite key)?
Ans: A compound key is a key that consists of
multiple columns because one column is not sufficient uniqueness.
17) Define Foreign
key.
Ans: A foreign key is the linking pin between two
tables.
18) What is Microsoft
Access?
Ans:
Microsoft Access is a desktop database management system, where data are
arranged in the form of tables. It allows the user to create database, add,
edit, delete, sort and print the records.
19) List the different
Objects of Ms-Access. (SLC
2071)
Ans: In Access all objects of a table are stored in a
single file. The file name default extension is .MDB (Microsoft database).
The objects Ms-Access are as follows:
i) Table
ii) Query
iii) Form
iv) Report
v) Macro
vi) Module
20) Write the Features
of Ms-Access.
Ans: The features of Ms-Access are as follows:
i) The table store
information.
ii) It is easy to add,
edit, delete and display the data.
iii) It provides useful
database features table, forms, reports and query.
iv) It store the data
with other applications such as word, excel and webpage.
v) It incorporate other
language like SQL, Macro and Visual Basic (VB)
21) What is Table? Write
the importance of table.
Ans: It is one of the objects of Ms-Access. A table
is the collection of data about the specific topic.
i) Importance of table:
ii) To store the data
about specific topic.
iii) It holds the main
information.
iv) It facilitates
grouping and storing the relevant data.
22) In how many
ways you can create a table?
Ans: We can create a table in following ways:
i) Design view
ii) Using wizard
iii) By entering data
23) What is Query? (SEE 2072) Write the importance of query. (Specification Grid – 2065)
Ans: Query is one of the most important objects of
Ms-Access. It is used to display the information on the basis of specific condition.
Importance of query:
i) It display the result
of different tables.
ii) It sorts and filter
the data.
iii) It manipulates the
data according the user choice.
iv) It can be used as a
source of records for forms and reports.
24) What can you do in query?
i) In what order the
field should appear.
ii) To view, change and
analyze the data.
iii) To give criteria
for each field.
iv) To display the
records, joining tables and displaying results.
25) Write the different
ways of creating query.
i) Using wizard
ii) Using design view
26) List the different types of query.
i) Select query
ii) Action query
iii) Cross tab query
iv) SQL query
27) Write the
different types f action query.
i) Append query
ii) Delete query
iii) Update query
iv) Make table query
28) What is Forms? (SLC 2068, SEE 2073 Supp.) Write the importance of form. (SLC 2070 Supp.)
Ans: A form is a database object which is designed to
enter new records and edit existing records easily.
Importance of Form:
i) It is used to make
modification or addition of the data directly into the table.
ii) To view the table in
user defined manner.
iii) You can control and
enhance the way your data looks on the screen.
iv) You can perform
extensive editing of data using macros and VB procedures.
v) You can link multiple
form or reports by using macros or VB procedures that are run from buttons.
29) Write the Advantages
of form over table.
Ans: Following are the
advantages of form over table.
i) Forms are easier to
enter data than table.
ii) It is easier to make
modification than table.
iii) It is easier to
focus on just information needed.
iv) In form in your own
way you can design on the screen.
v) You can perform
editing of data using macros or visual basic procedures.
30) Write the different
ways of creating form.
i) Auto form
ii) Using wizard
iii) Using form object
31) List the different
controls used in Forms.
i) Selecting control
ii) Moving control
iii) Grouping control
iv) Resizing control
v) Aligning control
32) What is Report? Write the importance of
report. (SLC 2070)
Ans: It is a very important object of a database. A
report is an effective way of presenting your data in a printed format or on
screen softcopy.
Importance of report:
i) It allows complete
output of the processing a database.
ii) Reports can compare,
summarize and subtotal large set of data.
iii) Reports can be
created to produce attractive invoices, purchase order, mailing and labels.
iv) Before print you view the document.
33) In how many way you can create a report?
i) Auto report
ii) Report wizard
34) What is Wizard?
Ans: A wizard is a
small program that interviews us, asking questions about what we want to
accomplish, then it takes over answers and creates the table, query or whatever
according to our specification.
35)
Difference between design view and wizard.
|
Design
view |
Wizard |
|
It takes more time. |
It saves our time |
|
We can make our own design |
We can choose formats from
pre-mode one. |
36) What is Data
type? List the different data types used in Ms-Access. (Spec. grid–2065, SLC 2070, supp 2070, SEE
2072, SEE 2073, 2074)
Ans: Data type is an attribute for a field that
determines what type of data it can contain. Following are the data types used in Ms-Access:
|
Setting/ Data
type |
Types
of data |
Size |
|
Text |
Text
of combination of text and numbers |
Up
to 255 characters |
|
Memo |
Lengthy
text or combination of text and numbers |
Up
to 65,535 characters |
|
Number |
Numeric data Byte: Integer Without decimal Large integer Without decimal Single: Double |
1,2,4,8,16 bytes starts 0 to 255 - 32768 to 32767 2 bytes approx. 2 billion 2 billion stores with 6 digits, 4 bytes stores 10 digits, 8 bytes |
|
Date/time |
Enter date and time for the year
100 through 9999 |
8
bytes |
|
Currency |
Currency
values and numeric values 1 to 4 decimal |
8
bytes |
|
Auto
number |
A unique sequential (increment by
1) |
4
bytes |
|
Yes/No |
Yes and No values and fields that
contain any one of the value (Y/N, T/F, On/Off) |
1
bit (0 or 1) |
|
OLE object |
An object (word, excel, graphics,
picture, sound etc.) |
Up
to 1 GB |
|
Hyperlink |
Text or combination of text and
numbers. |
Up
to 2048 characters |
37) List the
different types of Field properties of database:
Ans: Field properties of database.
|
Property |
Meaning |
|
Field size |
Maximum number of characters or
value you can enter. |
|
Format |
It gives the layout for the field. |
|
Input Mask |
A way/patterned of data to be
entered. |
|
Caption |
The label of field. |
|
Decimal places |
The number of digit to the right
of decimal place. |
|
Default value |
The value
automatically enters for the new record. |
|
Validation rule |
An expression that limits the
value to be entered in the field. |
|
Required |
The data should be entered. |
|
Allow zero length |
Permit the zero length of string |
|
Indexed |
It speed up the searches and
sorting operation |
38) Define Sorting (SLC 2068, 2071, SEE 2073 Supp.) and filtering.
Sorting:
Arranging the records in a particular order of a field is known as
sorting. The order of sorting may be entered in ascending order (A-Z) or
descending order (Z-A)
Filtering:
Filtering is an activity
by which specified records only can be seen on the basis of criteria.
39) Difference between
database and DBMS.
Ans: Following are the
difference between database and DBMS
|
Database |
DBMS |
|
It is a collection of facts or
data. |
It is software to manage database. |
|
It consists of data. |
It manages data stored in
database. |
|
It is a part of DBMS. |
It is a software system which
contain database |
|
It is not secured. |
It is secured. |
|
E.g. Result sheet, inventory,
salary sheet etc.. |
E.g. Ms-Access, FoxPro, SQL,
Oracal etc.. |
40) What is Field size?
Ans: Field size property to set maximum size for data
stored in a fixed set to the text, number or auto number data type.
41) Difference between
number and autonumber.
Number: It is used to enter the number in the field.
Autonumber: It will insert automatically unique number in the row.
42) What is database?
Give two examples. (SLC
2069)
Ans: Database is a collection of related data that
can be used for multiple purpose. Two examples of database are telephone
directory, students record, Dictionary etc.
43) Write any two uses
of primary key? (SLC 2069)
Ans: Two uses of primary key are:
i) Use to uniquely
identify the each record in database.
ii) Prevents data
redundancy in the primary key field.
44) What is query?
(SLC 2069)
Ans: Query is an object of Ms-Access which is used to
take different types of action on database. There are two types of Queries that
is Action query and select query.
45) What is data
redundancy? How can it be reduced in database? (SEE 2074)
Ans: The repetition of same piece of data in a
database in more than one location is called data redundancy. Data
redundancy can be minimized by normalization of database.
46) Write any two
functions of form. (SEE 2075)
Ans: Any two functions of form are
i) It
allows designing the layout of field on screen in any arrangement.
ii) It shows only the information we want to see.
47) Differentiate
between fields and records with an example. (SEE 2075 State 2)
|
Field |
Record |
|
A column in a table is called
field, and it contains a specific piece of information within a record. |
Record is a collection of multiple
related fields. |
|
E.g.: Name, Address, Telephone |
E.g.: Ram Chabahil 4468790 |
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