Array in QBASIC for class 9 and 10
An array is a collection of similar types of variables under the same name.
An array declared should indicate three things:
- Type of value to be stored in each element.
- The name of the array
- Total number of elements in an array.
In QBASIC we can declare the variables two
ways: Simple variables and Array variables.
Declaration of Arrays
An Array should be declared before the
program. DIM statement is used to declare the array followed by name of the
array and the maximum number of elements it can hold in parentheses.
DIM [SHARED] arrayname(subscript) [AS TYPE] [arrayname(subscript) [AS TYPE]]
Where,
SHARED: SHARED keyword is used to share the value of the variable with the procedures (function and sub).
arrayname: It is the name of the array variable
Subscript: It specified the size of the array.
AS TYPE: It defines the type of array variable
Example:
DIM age(10)
DIM name$(10)
Note: In above example Age and Nam$ are the name of array variables that holds 10 values. Age (0) and Nam$ (0) are the first person’s age and name, Age (1) and Nam$ (1) are the second person’s age and name, and so forth.
DIM Age (10) AS INTEGER
DIM Nam (10) AS STRING
Note: In above case of fixed length string, array variable can be declared according the given structure.
DIM Nam (10) AS STRING*15
Note: In above array variable Name can store 10
different names having the maximum character length of 15 each.
OPTION BASE Statement
The OPTION BASE statement defines the lower
bound of an array. The smallest subscripted value of an array is lower bound.
Syntax: OPTION BASE n
Where,
n, is a number whose value is either 0 or 1.
Example:
OPTION BASE 1
Note: The OPTION BASE statement must be declared
before defining the array variable in the program otherwise the program display
the ‘Duplicate Definition’ error in the program.
Types of Arrays:
The Array in QBASIC defined according to the number of data items that it holds. Following are the different types of Arrays:
- Single or One Dimension Array
- Multi or Two Dimension Array
Single / One dimensional Array
An array whose elements are specified by a
single subscript is known as one-dimensional array.
Syntax: DIM
<arrayname>(subscript)
Where,
arrayname: It means name of
the array variable.
subscript: It means the size
of the array.
Example:
DIM marks(5)
Numerical Array:
In this type of
array numerical data are stored in array.
Example 3:
Program to read five numbers and display
them.
REM program to read the data and display them
DIM a(5)
FOR i = 0 TO 4
READ a(i)
PRINT a(i)
NEXT i
DATA 19,17,11,3,-5
END
The data of above program are stores in
variable in following ways:
|
Variable
name a |
a(0) |
a(1) |
a(2) |
a(3) |
|
Data
stores |
19 |
17 |
11 |
3 |
Character
Arrays:
So far arrays of integers are used. Array of
characters or string can also be used.
Declaring character array:
DIM
name$(5)
Example
4: Program to read five names and display
them:
CLS
REM program to read five names and display them
DIM name$(4)
FOR i = 0 TO 4
READ name$(i)
PRINT name$(i)
NEXT i
DATA Naresh, Amir, Ranu, Mohan, Sohan
END
The data of above program are stores in
variable in following ways:
|
Variable
name Name$ |
na(0) |
na(1) |
na(2) |
na(3) |
|
Data
stores |
Naresh |
Amir |
Ranu |
Mohan |
1
Program to input any five numbers and display them in reverse order.
CLS
DIM a(4)
FOR i = 0 TO 4
INPUT "enter number="; a(i)
NEXT i
PRINT "Number in original sequence"
FOR i = 0 TO 4
PRINT a(i)
NEXT i
PRINT "number in reverse order"
FOR i = 4 TO 0 STEP -1
PRINT a(i)
NEXT i
END
2) Program to input any five number and print
their sum.
CLS
DIM n(4)
FOR i = 0 TO 4
INPUT "enter number="; n(x)
NEXT i
s = 0
FOR x = 0 TO 4
s = s + n(i)
NEXT x
PRINT "Sum="; s
END
3) Program to input any five numbers display
the greatest number.
CLS
DIM n(4)
FOR x = 0 TO 4
INPUT "enter number="; n(x)
NEXT x
max = n(1)
FOR x = 1 TO 4
IF n(x) > max THEN max = n(x)
NEXT x
PRINT "Greatest number="; max
END
4) Program to read five names and display
them:
CLS
REM program to read five names and display them
DIM name$(4)
FOR i = 0 TO 4
READ name$(i)
PRINT name$(i)
NEXT i
DATA Naresh, Amir, Ranu, Mohan, Sohan
END
5. To
input any five students names and
percentage and print them on screen.
CLS
DIM name$(5), per(5)
FOR p = 1 TO 5
INPUT "enter name and marks"; name$(i), per(i)
NEXT p
PRINT :
PRINT "Name", "percentage"
FOR p = 1 TO 5
PRINT name$(i), per(i)
NEXT p
END
It is quicker and easier method to sort data when the numbers of items are less. The Bubble sorting involves the following steps.
- Make compare the first element of an array with rest of the elements. If it is larger than other, swap the element position.
- Compare second element of an array with all elements having index greater than 1.
- Compare next element with remaining elements. Continue this process until you reach to the end of array. The last sequence is the sorted sequence of elements.
Some solved problems using Bubble Sort
Number Sorting:
1) Program to input any 10 numbers and display them by sorting in
ascending order.
CLS 1
DIM num(10)
FOR i = 1 TO 10
INPUT num(i)
NEXT i
FOR j = 1 TO 10
FOR k = 1 TO 10 - j
IF num(k) > num(k + 1) THEN SWAP num(k), num(k + 1)
NEXT k
NEXT j
PRINT "*********Sorted Data***********"
FOR z = 1 TO 10
PRINT num(z)
NEXT z
END
2) To input any ten number and display them
by sorting in descending order.
CLS 1
DIM num(10)
FOR i = 1 TO 10
INPUT num(i)
NEXT i
FOR j = 1 TO 10
FOR k = 1 TO 10 - j
IF num(k) < num(k + 1) THEN SWAP num(k), num(k + 1)
NEXT k
NEXT j
PRINT "======Sorted Data======"
FOR z = 1 TO 10
PRINT num(z)
NEXT z
END
String Sorting:
It is possible to sort a string with the same
method as we have done for number sorting.
String sorting is possible comparing by first character of the string
with first character of another string. If the first characters of the both
string s are same, then the second character will be compared.
1) To input any five names and print them in
ascending order by sorting.
CLS
DIM n(5) AS STRING
FOR i = 1 TO 5
INPUT n(i)
NEXT
FOR i = 1 TO 5
FOR j = 1 TO 5 - 1
IF n(j) > n(j + 1) THEN
t$ = n(j)
n(j) = n(j + 1)
n(j + 1) = t$
END IF
NEXT j
NEXT i
CLS
PRINT “=====Sorted Name=====”
FOR x = 1 TO 5
PRINT n(x)
NEXT
END
2) To input any five names and print them in
descending order by sorting.
CLS
DIM n(5) AS STRING
FOR i = 1 TO 5
INPUT n(i)
NEXT
FOR i = 1 TO 5
FOR j = 1 TO 5 - 1
IF n(j) < n(j + 1) THEN
t$ = n(j)
n(j) = n(j + 1)
n(j + 1) = t$
END IF
NEXT j
NEXT i
CLS
FOR x = 1 TO 5
PRINT n(x)
NEXT
END
String Sorting:
It is possible to sort a string with the same method as we have done for number sorting. String sorting is possible comparing by first character of the string with first character of another string. If the first characters of the both strings are similar, then the second character will be compared.
1) To input any 5 names and display them in
ascending order by sorting.
CLS
DIM n(5) AS STRING
FOR i = 1 TO 5
INPUT n(i)
NEXT
FOR i = 1 TO 5
FOR j = 1 TO 5 - 1
IF n(j) > n(j + 1) THEN
t$ = n(j)
n(j) = n(j + 1)
n(j + 1) = t$
END IF
NEXT j
NEXT i
CLS
PRINT “=====Sorted Name=====”
FOR x = 1 TO 5
PRINT n(x)
NEXT
END
2) To input any 5 names and display them in
descending order by sorting.
CLS
DIM n(5) AS STRING
FOR i = 1 TO 5
INPUT n(i)
NEXT
FOR i = 1 TO 5
FOR j = 1 TO 5 - 1
IF n(j) < n(j + 1) THEN
t$ = n(j)
n(j) = n(j + 1)
n(j + 1) = t$
END IF
NEXT j
NEXT i
CLS
FOR x = 1 TO 5
PRINT n(x)
NEXT
END
Searching using Array:
Example:
REM program to search the input name and display with address.
DIM n(5) AS STRING
DIM a(5) AS STRING
FOR i = 1 TO 5
READ n(i), a(i)
NEXT
flag = 0
CLS
INPUT "Enter name which you want to search"; s$
PRINT "Name", "Address"
FOR i = 1 TO 5
IF UCASE$(s$) = UCASE$(n(i)) THEN
flag = 1
PRINT n(i), a(i)
END IF
NEXT
IF flag = 0 THEN PRINT " Try again, record not found"
DATA Ram,Dhangadhi, Radha, Taranagar, Sunil, Hasanpur
DATA OM, Tikapur, Sumit, Lamki
END
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